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  <title>Class: Builder::XmlMarkup</title>
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    <div id="classHeader">
        <table class="header-table">
        <tr class="top-aligned-row">
          <td><strong>Class</strong></td>
          <td class="class-name-in-header">Builder::XmlMarkup</td>
        </tr>
        <tr class="top-aligned-row">
            <td><strong>In:</strong></td>
            <td>
                <a href="../../files/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2_1_2/builder/xmlmarkup_rb.html">
                vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb
                </a>
        <br />
            </td>
        </tr>

        <tr class="top-aligned-row">
            <td><strong>Parent:</strong></td>
            <td>
                <a href="XmlBase.html">
                XmlBase
               </a>
            </td>
        </tr>
        </table>
    </div>
  <!-- banner header -->

  <div id="bodyContent">



  <div id="contextContent">

    <div id="description">
      <p>
Create XML markup easily. All (well, almost all) methods sent to an <a
href="XmlMarkup.html">XmlMarkup</a> object will be translated to the
equivalent XML markup. Any method with a block will be treated as an XML
markup tag with nested markup in the block.
</p>
<p>
Examples will demonstrate this easier than words. In the following,
<tt>xm</tt> is an <tt><a href="XmlMarkup.html">XmlMarkup</a></tt> object.
</p>
<pre>
  xm.em(&quot;emphasized&quot;)             # =&gt; &lt;em&gt;emphasized&lt;/em&gt;
  xm.em { xmm.b(&quot;emp &amp; bold&quot;) }   # =&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;emph &amp;amp; bold&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;
  xm.a(&quot;A Link&quot;, &quot;href&quot;=&gt;&quot;http://onestepback.org&quot;)
                                  # =&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://onestepback.org&quot;&gt;A Link&lt;/a&gt;
  xm.div { br }                    # =&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  xm.target(&quot;name&quot;=&gt;&quot;compile&quot;, &quot;option&quot;=&gt;&quot;fast&quot;)
                                  # =&gt; &lt;target option=&quot;fast&quot; name=&quot;compile&quot;\&gt;
                                  # NOTE: order of attributes is not specified.

  xm.instruct!                   # &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
  xm.html {                      # &lt;html&gt;
    xm.head {                    #   &lt;head&gt;
      xm.title(&quot;History&quot;)        #     &lt;title&gt;History&lt;/title&gt;
    }                            #   &lt;/head&gt;
    xm.body {                    #   &lt;body&gt;
      xm.comment! &quot;HI&quot;           #     &lt;! -- HI --&gt;
      xm.h1(&quot;Header&quot;)            #     &lt;h1&gt;Header&lt;/h1&gt;
      xm.p(&quot;paragraph&quot;)          #     &lt;p&gt;paragraph&lt;/p&gt;
    }                            #   &lt;/body&gt;
  }                              # &lt;/html&gt;
</pre>
<h2>Notes:</h2>
<ul>
<li>The order that attributes are inserted in markup tags is undefined.

</li>
<li>Sometimes you wish to insert text without enclosing tags. Use the
<tt>text!</tt> method to accomplish this.

<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre>
  xm.div {                          # &lt;div&gt;
    xm.text! &quot;line&quot;; xm.br          #   line&lt;br/&gt;
    xm.text! &quot;another line&quot;; xmbr   #    another line&lt;br/&gt;
  }                                 # &lt;/div&gt;
</pre>
</li>
<li>The special XML characters &lt;, &gt;, and &amp; are converted to &amp;lt;,
&amp;gt; and &amp;amp; automatically. Use the <tt>&lt;&lt;</tt> operation
to insert text without modification.

</li>
<li>Sometimes tags use special characters not allowed in ruby identifiers. Use
the <tt>tag!</tt> method to handle these cases.

<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre>
  xml.tag!(&quot;SOAP:Envelope&quot;) { ... }
</pre>
<p>
will produce &#8230;
</p>
<pre>
  &lt;SOAP:Envelope&gt; ... &lt;/SOAP:Envelope&gt;&quot;
</pre>
<p>
<tt>tag!</tt> will also take text and attribute arguments (after the tag
name) like normal markup methods. (But see the next bullet item for a
better way to handle XML namespaces).
</p>
</li>
<li>Direct support for XML namespaces is now available. If the first argument
to a tag call is a symbol, it will be joined to the tag to produce a
namespace:tag combination. It is easier to show this than describe it.

<pre>
  xml.SOAP :Envelope do ... end
</pre>
<p>
Just put a space before the colon in a namespace to produce the right form
for builder (e.g. &quot;<tt>SOAP:Envelope</tt>&quot; =&gt;
&quot;<tt>xml.SOAP :Envelope</tt>&quot;)
</p>
</li>
<li><a href="XmlMarkup.html">XmlMarkup</a> builds the markup in any object
(called a <em>target</em>) that accepts the <tt>&lt;&lt;</tt> method. If no
target is given, then <a href="XmlMarkup.html">XmlMarkup</a> defaults to a
string target.

<p>
Examples:
</p>
<pre>
  xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new
  result = xm.title(&quot;yada&quot;)
  # result is a string containing the markup.

  buffer = &quot;&quot;
  xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(buffer)
  # The markup is appended to buffer (using &lt;&lt;)

  xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(STDOUT)
  # The markup is written to STDOUT (using &lt;&lt;)

  xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new
  x2 = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:target=&gt;xm)
  # Markup written to +x2+ will be send to +xm+.
</pre>
</li>
<li>Indentation is enabled by providing the number of spaces to indent for each
level as a second argument to XmlBuilder.new. Initial indentation may be
specified using a third parameter.

<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre>
  xm = Builder.new(:indent=&gt;2)
  # xm will produce nicely formatted and indented XML.

  xm = Builder.new(:indent=&gt;2, :margin=&gt;4)
  # xm will produce nicely formatted and indented XML with 2
  # spaces per indent and an over all indentation level of 4.

  builder = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:target=&gt;$stdout, :indent=&gt;2)
  builder.name { |b| b.first(&quot;Jim&quot;); b.last(&quot;Weirich) }
  # prints:
  #     &lt;name&gt;
  #       &lt;first&gt;Jim&lt;/first&gt;
  #       &lt;last&gt;Weirich&lt;/last&gt;
  #     &lt;/name&gt;
</pre>
</li>
<li>The instance_eval implementation which forces self to refer to the message
receiver as self is now obsolete. We now use normal block calls to execute
the markup block. This means that all markup methods must now be explicitly
send to the xml builder. For instance, instead of

<pre>
   xml.div { strong(&quot;text&quot;) }
</pre>
<p>
you need to write:
</p>
<pre>
   xml.div { xml.strong(&quot;text&quot;) }
</pre>
<p>
Although more verbose, the subtle change in semantics within the block was
found to be prone to error. To make this change a little less cumbersome,
the markup block now gets the markup object sent as an argument, allowing
you to use a shorter alias within the block.
</p>
<p>
For example:
</p>
<pre>
  xml_builder = Builder::XmlMarkup.new
  xml_builder.div { |xml|
    xml.stong(&quot;text&quot;)
  }
</pre>
</li>
</ul>

    </div>


   </div>

    <div id="method-list">
      <h3 class="section-bar">Methods</h3>

      <div class="name-list">
      <a href="#M001959">cdata!</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="#M001956">comment!</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="#M001957">declare!</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="#M001958">instruct!</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="#M001954">new</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="#M001955">target!</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>


    <!-- if includes -->

    <div id="section">





      


    <!-- if method_list -->
    <div id="methods">
      <h3 class="section-bar">Public Class methods</h3>

      <div id="method-M001954" class="method-detail">
        <a name="M001954"></a>

        <div class="method-heading">
          <a href="#M001954" class="method-signature">
          <span class="method-name">new</span><span class="method-args">(options={})</span>
          </a>
        </div>
      
        <div class="method-description">
          <p>
Create an XML markup builder. Parameters are specified by an option hash.
</p>
<table>
<tr><td valign="top">:target=&gt;<em>target_object</em>:</td><td><a href="../Object.html">Object</a> receiving the markup. <tt>out</tt> must
respond to the <tt>&lt;&lt;</tt> operator. The default is a plain string
target.

</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">:indent=&gt;<em>indentation</em>:</td><td>Number of spaces used for indentation. The default is no indentation and no
line breaks.

</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">:margin=&gt;<em>initial_indentation_level</em>:</td><td>Amount of initial indentation (specified in levels, not spaces).

</td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">:escape_attrs=&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBSOLETE&lt;/em&gt;:</td><td>The :escape_attrs option is no longer supported by builder (and will be
quietly ignored). String attribute values are now automatically escaped. If
you need unescaped attribute values (perhaps you are using entities in the
attribute values), then give the value as a Symbol. This allows much finer
control over escaping attribute values.

</td></tr>
</table>
          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
            onclick="toggleCode('M001954-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
          <div class="method-source-code" id="M001954-source">
<pre>
     <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb, line 185</span>
185:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">initialize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>={})
186:       <span class="ruby-identifier">indent</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">:indent</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-value">0</span>
187:       <span class="ruby-identifier">margin</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">:margin</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-value">0</span>
188:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">super</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">indent</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">margin</span>)
189:       <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">:target</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-value str">&quot;&quot;</span>
190:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <h3 class="section-bar">Public Instance methods</h3>

      <div id="method-M001959" class="method-detail">
        <a name="M001959"></a>

        <div class="method-heading">
          <a href="#M001959" class="method-signature">
          <span class="method-name">cdata!</span><span class="method-args">(text)</span>
          </a>
        </div>
      
        <div class="method-description">
          <p>
Insert a CDATA section into the XML markup.
</p>
<p>
For example:
</p>
<pre>
   xml.cdata!(&quot;text to be included in cdata&quot;)
       #=&gt; &lt;![CDATA[text to be included in cdata]]&gt;
</pre>
          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
            onclick="toggleCode('M001959-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
          <div class="method-source-code" id="M001959-source">
<pre>
     <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb, line 259</span>
259:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cdata!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">text</span>)
260:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_ensure_no_block</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">block_given?</span>
261:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_special</span>(<span class="ruby-value str">&quot;&lt;![CDATA[&quot;</span>, <span class="ruby-value str">&quot;]]&gt;&quot;</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">text</span>, <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span>)
262:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div id="method-M001956" class="method-detail">
        <a name="M001956"></a>

        <div class="method-heading">
          <a href="#M001956" class="method-signature">
          <span class="method-name">comment!</span><span class="method-args">(comment_text)</span>
          </a>
        </div>
      
        <div class="method-description">
          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
            onclick="toggleCode('M001956-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
          <div class="method-source-code" id="M001956-source">
<pre>
     <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb, line 197</span>
197:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">comment!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">comment_text</span>)
198:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_ensure_no_block</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">block_given?</span>
199:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_special</span>(<span class="ruby-value str">&quot;&lt;!-- &quot;</span>, <span class="ruby-value str">&quot; --&gt;&quot;</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">comment_text</span>, <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span>)
200:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div id="method-M001957" class="method-detail">
        <a name="M001957"></a>

        <div class="method-heading">
          <a href="#M001957" class="method-signature">
          <span class="method-name">declare!</span><span class="method-args">(inst, *args, &amp;block)</span>
          </a>
        </div>
      
        <div class="method-description">
          <p>
Insert an XML declaration into the XML markup.
</p>
<p>
For example:
</p>
<pre>
  xml.declare! :ELEMENT, :blah, &quot;yada&quot;
      # =&gt; &lt;!ELEMENT blah &quot;yada&quot;&gt;
</pre>
          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
            onclick="toggleCode('M001957-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
          <div class="method-source-code" id="M001957-source">
<pre>
     <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb, line 208</span>
208:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">declare!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">inst</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
209:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_indent</span>
210:       <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-node">&quot;&lt;!#{inst}&quot;</span>
211:       <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">each</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">arg</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
212:         <span class="ruby-keyword kw">case</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">arg</span>
213:         <span class="ruby-keyword kw">when</span> <span class="ruby-constant">String</span>
214:           <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-node">%{ &quot;#{arg}&quot;}</span> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># &quot; WART</span>
215:         <span class="ruby-keyword kw">when</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Symbol</span>
216:           <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-node">&quot; #{arg}&quot;</span>
217:         <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
218:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
219:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">block_given?</span>
220:         <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-value str">&quot; [&quot;</span>
221:         <span class="ruby-identifier">_newline</span>
222:         <span class="ruby-identifier">_nested_structures</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
223:         <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-value str">&quot;]&quot;</span>
224:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
225:       <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-value str">&quot;&gt;&quot;</span>
226:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_newline</span>
227:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div id="method-M001958" class="method-detail">
        <a name="M001958"></a>

        <div class="method-heading">
          <a href="#M001958" class="method-signature">
          <span class="method-name">instruct!</span><span class="method-args">(directive_tag=:xml, attrs={})</span>
          </a>
        </div>
      
        <div class="method-description">
          <p>
Insert a processing instruction into the XML markup. E.g.
</p>
<p>
For example:
</p>
<pre>
   xml.instruct!
       #=&gt; &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
   xml.instruct! :aaa, :bbb=&gt;&quot;ccc&quot;
       #=&gt; &lt;?aaa bbb=&quot;ccc&quot;?&gt;
</pre>
          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
            onclick="toggleCode('M001958-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
          <div class="method-source-code" id="M001958-source">
<pre>
     <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb, line 238</span>
238:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">instruct!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">directive_tag</span>=<span class="ruby-identifier">:xml</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">attrs</span>={})
239:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_ensure_no_block</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">block_given?</span>
240:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">directive_tag</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">:xml</span>
241:         <span class="ruby-identifier">a</span> = { <span class="ruby-identifier">:version=</span><span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span><span class="ruby-value str">&quot;1.0&quot;</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">:encoding=</span><span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span><span class="ruby-value str">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span> }
242:         <span class="ruby-identifier">attrs</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">a</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">merge</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">attrs</span>
243:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
244:       <span class="ruby-identifier">_special</span>(
245:       <span class="ruby-node">&quot;&lt;?#{directive_tag}&quot;</span>,
246:       <span class="ruby-value str">&quot;?&gt;&quot;</span>,
247:       <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span>,
248:       <span class="ruby-identifier">attrs</span>,
249:       [<span class="ruby-identifier">:version</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">:encoding</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">:standalone</span>])
250:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div id="method-M001955" class="method-detail">
        <a name="M001955"></a>

        <div class="method-heading">
          <a href="#M001955" class="method-signature">
          <span class="method-name">target!</span><span class="method-args">()</span>
          </a>
        </div>
      
        <div class="method-description">
          <p>
Return the target of the builder.
</p>
          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
            onclick="toggleCode('M001955-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
          <div class="method-source-code" id="M001955-source">
<pre>
     <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/builder-2.1.2/builder/xmlmarkup.rb, line 193</span>
193:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">target!</span>
194:       <span class="ruby-ivar">@target</span>
195:     <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>


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